All classroom teachers make quantitative assessments of how well their students are performing and frequently must combine marks from several different essays, tests, exercises or subjects to obtain an overall measure of achievement. At the simplest level, a teacher may combine the several marks for the essays or extended answers that make up a formal examination. At a second level, a single score may be required to summarise a pupil's performance over a year's study in one subject. For example, after a year of teaching science, a teacher may have end-of-term examination marks, and scores on assignments, practical exercises, laboratory reports and homework available.
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